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The COVID-19 pandemic has heightened the visibility of economic inequality and the inadequacy of current minimum wage laws in the United States. Changes in the minimum wage, a living wage, or just employment practices may be compelled by law or voluntarily enacted by employers. A literature search failed to yield a concise and practical tool to comprehensively assess existing just employment policies or practices in higher education institutions. This article describes the development of a concise and practical assessment based on the "Model Just Employment Policy" from the Kalmanovitz Initiative for Labor and the Working Poor at Georgetown University. The resulting Just Employment Policy Assessment is used to evaluate the publicly available policies of four disparate higher education institutions in the United States. The article concludes with a discussion of implications for future research and administrative practice.
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Background: Since the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, telemedicine has become an important means of providing medical care worldwide. This study aims to highlight the implications of establishing telemedicine policies in Korea. Japan's telemedicine policies were reviewed from the time of the first trial to the present official allowance. Current Concepts: Since telemedicine demonstration work began in 1971, telemedicine in Japan has advanced in four stages. The first stage was the operation of a remote regional comprehensive medical information system from 1971 to 1997. The second stage was when telemedicine was officially institutionalized from 1997 to 2018. The third stage was the time of expansion of telemedicine, from the announcement of the "Guidelines for the Implementation of Proper Online Care" in 2018 to when online first-time examinations were temporarily allowed in 2020. The fourth stage began in 2021 when the "Permanent Establishment of Special Cases for Online Care" was announced, and telemedicine has been officially allowed to supplement face-to-face care. Telemedicine usage was estimated to be about 53.65 million in 2021, and the total number of treatments in Japan in 2021 was estimated to be about 1.32 billion, accounting for about 4.1% of medical care. Discussion and Conclusion(s): For the Korean government to establish telemedicine, it needs to be promoted step by step through discussions with the medical community. Also, an appropriate medical remuneration system needs to be prepared along with guidelines reflecting the opinions of the medical community to secure the safety of telemedicine.Copyright © Korean Medical Association.
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The modality of teleworking due to the COVID-19 pandemic implied an excess of electronic information processing and some telecommunication means. These methods were necessary for contact between the teleworker and the company, compared to how it was done prior to this health emergency. Teleworking is defined as a form of provision of non-face-to-face services in ordinary and special work days through which the worker carries out his activities outside the employer's facilities. It is carried out using information and communication technologies. However, it is necessary to take into account a series of aspects in the organization of work to guarantee the rights that assist the worker. The objective of this research is to analyze the incidence of the teleworking day on the right to fair remuneration and to provide a possible solution with the elaboration of a doctrinal legal analysis. The technique used was the documentary review.
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The COVID-19 pandemic has shifted the work place to the place of the home. Many say work is not a place anymore. With working from home, many other factors have also contributed to the new normal, such as a virtual reality, virtual teams, virtual leadership, the psychological well-being of the employee and other such variables. With these factors, other organisational systems need to change, such as the remuneration system. This chapter forms a literature study, considering the factors contributing to the new normal and suggest a framework that may be considered in remunerating for the new normal. It provides practical implications and suggestions for future research. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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The world of work is changing from the way that we used to know it. This is caused by the fourth industrial revolution (4IR) as well as the COVID-19 pandemic that hit the world in early 2020. COVID-19 has pushed organisations into the 4IR, both triggering the workplace to change in an instant. In the wake of the 4IR and recovering from the pandemic shock, organisations need to rethink their pay practices. The traditional approach to remunerating employees may not be a viable option anymore. Not only will organisations have more skilled workers in the future due to the technological changes, but the remote working phenomenon triggered by the COVID-19 pandemic, could lead to a move towards more individualised and flexible rewards and the use of a cafeteria type of benefits. This chapter forms a literature study, considering the implications for the development of remuneration strategies to adapt to the new reality brought on by the 4IR and the pandemic and for managing employee remuneration in the new normal. It provides practical implications and suggestions for future research. © The Editor(s) (if applicable) and The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2022.
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Background: With the onset of COVID-19, general practitioners (GPs) and patients worldwide swiftly transitioned from face-to-face to digital remote consultations. There is a need to evaluate how this global shift has impacted patient care, healthcare providers, patient and carer experience, and health systems. Research question: We explored GPs' perspectives on digital remote care's main benefits and challenges. Method(s): GPs across 20 countries completed an online questionnaire between June and September 2020. GPs' perceptions of main barriers and challenges were explored using free-text questions. Thematic analysis was used to analyse the data. Result(s): In our survey 1605 respondents participated. The benefits identified included reducing COVID-19 transmission risks, guaranteeing access and continuity of care, improved efficiency, faster access to care, improved convenience and communication with patients, greater work flexibility for providers, and hastening the digital transformation of primary care and the accompanying legal frameworks. Main challenges included patient's preference for face-to-face consultations, digital exclusion, lack of physical examinations, clinical uncertainty, delays in diagnosis and treatment, overuse and misuse of digital remote care, and unsuitability for certain types of consultations. Other challenges include the lack of formal guidance, higher workloads, remuneration issues, organisational culture, technical difficulties, implementation and financial issues and regulatory weaknesses. Conclusion(s): At the frontline of care delivery, GPs can provide important insights on what worked well, why, and how. Lessons learned during the emergency phase can inform the stable adoption of virtual care solutions and co-design processes and platforms that are technologically robust, secure, and supported by a long-term strategic plan.
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Since the start of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic-related restrictions, digital consultation hours and online training have become an integral part of the care of people with diabetes in both in- and outpatient practices specializing in diabetes. Despite advancing digitalization and the use of modern diabetes technology, only a few model projects and specialized practices with dedicated diabetes teams were previously using these new communication options. With the improvement of the technology, the framework conditions, the expansion of the information technology (IT) infrastructure and, above all, the expectations of the patients, the digital consultation hour is also, even after COVID-19, a good addition and alternative to in-person consultations. To start digital consultations requires careful preparation. In addition to personal willingness to expand patient communication, appropriate structural and process quality standards are necessary in medical practice. Legal requirements, technical prerequisites, and integration into the existing practice workflow must be implemented. Digital consultation hours and online training are presented from the perspective of a diabetes consultant and diabetologist from a practice specializing in diabetes. Difficulties at the beginning, practical tips for a successful start, the advantages of video consultation, and problems in daily practice routine are presented. Demographic developments, increasing prevalence of diabetes, fewer treatment facilities, diabetologists and diabetic teams, location-independent consultation, and also the expectations of our patients support the implementation of digital consultation hours in daily practice. Although not yet optimal, the significantly improved remuneration is also an incentive for the new developments in communication. Treatment structures in diabetology practice and treatment success are improved by digital consultation hours.Copyright © 2023, The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer Medizin Verlag GmbH, ein Teil von Springer Nature.
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Purpose: One of the hospital management issues that has not been studied much during the COVID-19 Pandemic is the relationship between health workers' performance, job satisfaction and remuneration. This study aims to examine the relationship between remuneration, job satisfaction and the employee performance during 2019-2021. Materials and Methods: This study applied an employee satisfaction survey at a General Academic Hospital between 2019-2021. The population and samples were 716 employees. The data collection were based on the personnel database, remuneration database, and the annual Employee Satisfaction Survey Database for the period 2019-2021 at General Academic Hospital of Dr. Soetomo, Surabaya, Indonesia. Results: The results of the correlation test between Employee Satisfaction, Remuneration, and Performance based on employee performance objectives showed an insignificant positive correlation between the remuneration variable and satisfaction based on The Job Itself; very weak significant positive correlation between remuneration variable and Satisfaction based on Pay; a very weak significant positive correlation between the remuneration variable and Satisfaction based on Promotion; very weak significant positive correlation between remuneration variable and satisfaction based on supervision; significant positive correlation between remuneration variable and satisfaction based on coworkers; There is a significant positive correlation between remuneration and performance variables. Conclusion: The correlation between remuneration and employee satisfaction based on the Job Description Index shows that the components of the job itself, and coworkers have a positive but not significant relationship, while the components of pay, promotion, and supervision have a positive and significant relationship. Employees satisfaction with performance achievement have a positive and significant relationship, especially job satisfaction based on pay and supervision, but there is also a positive and insignificant relationship related to job satisfaction based on the job itself, promotion, and co-workers.
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The study investigates the impact of an unexplored motivational construct i.e., remuneration, on consumers' attitudes towards social media advertising (CATSMA). It proposes that this underlying relationship is mediated by perceived social media advertising value (PSMAV). The research takes under consideration the pandemic era of Covid-19, where the dependency on digital transactions has accelerated. Consumer responses are undertaken virtually by the young and dynamic audience of Pakistan, who consume social media as a way of life. The research deploys a variance-based structural equation modeling (SEM), by using a partial least squares (PLS) approach in the form of SmartPLS 3. The results show that remuneration plays an instrumental role in enhancing the value of advertising and also developing desirable consumers' attitudes on social media. The findings also reveal that advertising value exerts a significant impact on users' evaluative criteria and also mediates the relationship between remuneration and underlying attitudes. This empirical research is one of the embryonic social media investigations undertaken in a Pakistani context, transforming through the covid crisis.
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How are California districts handling deepening teacher shortages 18 months into the COVID-19 pandemic? Following up on a March 2021 study, "California Teachers and COVID-19: How the Pandemic Is Impacting the Teacher Workforce" (ED614374), this report describes the severe shortages many districts are experiencing and the strategies some are using to mitigate these shortages. Through a survey of a sample of California superintendents and human resources administrators conducted in August and September 2021, this study investigates the role COVID-19 has had on key aspects of teacher supply and demand, including teacher retirements, resignations, vacancies, and hiring strategies. Leaders from eight of the largest California districts participated in the study. In addition, the study included leaders from four small rural districts because research shows these types of districts often have additional challenges recruiting and retaining teachers. Together, these districts serve nearly 1 in 6 California students.
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The study examined the implications of the recent pandemic on the corporate governance, remuneration and corporate sustainability performance of South African listed companies. Data from 42 companies was analyzed using the panel fully modified ordinary least squares (FMOLS) and dynamic ordinary least squares (DOLS) methods from 2010-2021. Findings revealed that the pandemic negatively impacted the selected companies. This study revealed that the pandemic had a good impact on some companies and not just bad ones as claimed by previous researchers. Results from COVID-19-related expenses, debt-to-equity ratios and staff costs revealed a negative but significant result in the estimated model. Other variables such as current ratios, net profit margins and board diversity revealed a positive and significant relationship with all the dependent variables. Hence, a very severe implication of the pandemic on the performance of companies is confirmed through COVID-19related expenses, staff costs and directors' remuneration. These have a very strong negative impact on the future performance, survival, and sustainability of the selected companies. Lastly, a strong relationship between corporate governance and corporate sustainability performance was confirmed as shown by ROA, board size, directors' remunerations and board diversity. This study provides insight for stakeholders such as governments, directors and policymakers to develop both preventive and proactive policies to protect and guide companies from future similar pandemics. To avert and prevent future negative implications on companies, this study recommends a well-structured scheme for all of the company's staff, cash reserves and IT governance. © 2023, Innovative Research Publishing. All rights reserved.
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This study aims to investigate the relationship between director's salary and financial performance of top 10 BSE Listed companies for the period of 3 years i.e. 2019-2021. Remuneration of director pays a vital role for the interest group of companies moreover it impacts the company's financial performance. Financial performance of the company is being judged by various financial ratio i.e. NPR, DE, ROCE, CR, ROA. Secondary data have been collected from the official website of the company. E views have been used to investigate the correlation between Directors remuneration and Financial performance. Our study indicates that director's remuneration has significant impact on financial performance. Copyright © 2022 Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications. All rights reserved.
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The article analyses the peculiarities of legal regulation of state funding of jury trial maintenance in Ukraine. It has been established that public funding of the judicial system in Ukraine is currently extremely limited, which is a consequence of the economic crisis in Ukraine due to the temporary annexation of the Autonomous Republic of Crimea, permanent military clashes in the east of Ukraine and the global pandemic coronavirus. Moreover, in economically developed countries, the level of state funding of the judicial system directly depends on the economic potential of the state and its stability in the global economic market. Therefore, it is necessary for Ukraine, first of all, to move towards improving its position within the global economic market and overcoming all manifestations of economic crisis. It has been established that jury trial is one of the key institutions of judicial power, the judiciary and have proved the urgency of further improvement of jury trial mechanisms, but only in the criminal proceedings, because in case of their adoption by the Supreme Council of Ukraine, jury trials will not have any legitimacy in civil proceedings. On the basis of the cited statistical data it was established that the monetary compensation for jury trial in Ukraine is minimal in comparison to the USA, Canada or France. The UK, on the contrary, does not provide for monetary compensation of jurors in its legislation;only travel and per diem compensation exist. The high level of jury monetary compensation depends first of all on the social and economic development of the country. Concludingly, the legislator's actions of the recent years are directed at the classical jury trial model, which exists in many countries of the world, with an appropriate level of financial assistance and an appropriate level of logistical support. © 2022 Seventh Sense Research Group®.
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The Global Automotive Aftermarket sector was valued at USD 392.5 billion in 2020 and is predicted to surpass USD 525 billion by 2028. The automotive aftermarket of the United Arab Emirates, led by Dubai, is the fastest-growing market, which is expected to reach USD 634.4 million. However, the Covid-19 pandemic diminished the growth rate and profitability of the sector, pressing small and medium enterprises to reduce their costs, including employees' remuneration. This empirical paper aims to analyse the impact of changes in salesforce remuneration on sales turnover and the role of Covid-19 in influencing this causal relationship. The data, before Covid (2019) and during Covid (2020-21), were collected from 80 automotive aftermarket enterprises in Dubai using a single-stage convenience sampling method. The correlation analysis and ANOVA test highlight the significant difference in sales commission within the group and between the groups caused by Covid-19. The results indicate how the reduction in remuneration, especially sales commission, during the crisis significantly declined the sales turnover in automotive aftermarket enterprises. The study proposes guidelines and tips that business leaders, the human resources professionals can implement to revive their sales turnover post-Covid-19 and manage such crises in future. © 2022, Czestochowa University of Technology. All rights reserved.
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Purpose: This study aimed to reveal the policies applied to determine the total expenses for managerial remuneration in manufacturing subsidiaries during the COVID-19 pandemic. Design/methodology/approach: The author analyzed the annual financial reports of Russian manufacturing subsidiaries containing data on managerial remuneration and compared the dynamics of annual revenues and the amount of annual managerial remuneration. Findings: The author identified four types of policies regarding the total amount of managerial remuneration. In a minority of cases, when revenues decreased, the share of the total amount of managerial remuneration in total revenues also decreased. The author also observed "payment for efforts";although revenues decreased in 2020, the share of the total amount of managerial remuneration in total revenues increased. In 17% of cases, when revenue increased, the share of the total amount of managerial remuneration in revenue also increased. Finally, in 50% of cases, the COVID-19 pandemic served as a pretext to generate savings from the reduction in the total amount of managerial remuneration despite the increase in revenues. Originality/value: This is the first study to use real financial reports to evaluate the dynamics of the total amount and share of managerial remuneration in revenue during a crisis. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved)
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Background: In light of the COVID-19 pandemic, gastroenterologists in Alberta moved to virtual care for many clinic visits. As the public health situation evolves, it is important to evaluate provider satisfaction with virtual care during these unprecedented times. Aims: To assess healthcare provider (HCP) satisfaction with virtual care during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: We administered a 20-item satisfaction survey that assessed the usefulness, ease of use, interface qualities, reliability, and overall satisfaction with virtual care tools for the delivery of care to patients with gastrointestinal diseases. One hundred and twenty-five gastroenterologists in Alberta were invited to participate via email. We used a modified Telehealth Usability Questionnaire (TUQ) which was open for response from June 19-August 30, 2020. Results: The overall response rate was 19% (24/125) with 46% female respondents. Most respondents worked in an academic facility (63%) and had been in practice for a mean duration of 12.3 years. Respondents were from seven facilities within the South, Calgary, Central and Edmonton health zones. Virtual care reported was a hybrid model consisting of telephone and in-person (54%) or telephone and video consults (42%). Although 90% indicated that virtual care tools improved access to healthcare, provided location flexibility and were appropriate to meet healthcare needs, only 42% agreed that it saved time. Inconclusive virtual consultations due to the absence of physical examination and missing lab values was reported by 75% and 33% of HCPs, respectively. Ninety-five percent of HCPs who used video conferencing found it simple, easy to learn and were able to become productive quickly with it. Over 60% of HCPs reported that virtual care (irrespective of the platform used) was not the same as in-person visits. The mean overall satisfaction for HCPs who rarely or never had virtual care prior to the pandemic, was 0.57 points higher than those who often provided virtual care (4.36 vs 3.79;95% CI: 0.26-0.88, p=0.001). Overall, 88% of providers were satisfied with virtual care and all respondents were willing to use it again (Figure 1). Identified areas of concern included patient safety, patient education on best practices, adequate remuneration, additional administrative duties, and challenges with providing care for new patients on virtual platforms. Conclusions: This survey of GI providers in Alberta showed high satisfaction and acceptance with virtual care. However, the majority reported it to be less reliable than in-person visits. Access to Alberta Netcare to view investigations was deemed valuable. Areas of concern that needs to be addressed include patient education on virtual care best practices and provider resources to assist with new consultations on virtual platforms.
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Point-of-care diagnostic tests for community-acquired acute respiratory tract infections (CA-ARTI) can support doctors by improving antibiotic prescribing. However, little is known about health technology assessment (HTA), pricing and funding policies for CA-ARTI diagnostics. Thus, this study investigated these policies for this group of devices applied in the outpatient setting in Europe. Experts from competent authority responded to a questionnaire in Q4/2020. Information is available for 17 countries. Studied countries do not base their pricing and funding decision for CA-ARTI diagnostics on an HTA. While a few countries impose price regulation for some publicly funded medical devices, the prices of CA-ARTI diagnostics are not directly regulated in any of the surveyed countries. Indirect price regulation through public procurement is applied in some countries. Reimbursement lists of medical devices eligible for public funding exist in several European countries, and in some countries these lists include CA-ARTI diagnostics. In a few countries, the public payer funds the health professional for performing the service of conducting the test. Given low levels of regulation and few incentives, the study findings suggest room for strengthening pricing and funding policies of CA-ARTI diagnostics to contribute to increased acceptance and use of these point-of-care tests.